刮痧力度及时间间隔对刮痧效果的影响

目的:观察不同力度对刮痧效果的影响,初步探讨刮痧的作用机制以及效应周期,进一步探究刮痧治疗的最佳间隔时间。方法:用自制的特殊刮痧板控制使刮痧频次等参数保持一致,分别以1N、3N和9N的力进行刮痧,通过ELISA方法检测刮痧后IL-1α、IL-6的变化,结合皮肤HE染色法探究不同力度刮痧对机体的影响,选择适合的刮痧力度,通过血常规和流式细胞术检测刮痧后不同时间点的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数及T细胞亚群等的变化,初步探讨刮痧的作用机制和效应周期。结果:1N的力度刮痧未引起明显的变化,9N的力度刮痧造成了较严重的皮肤损伤和大量炎性反应因子释放,3N的力度刮痧较为适中,引起了机体适度的应激反应。以3N的力度刮痧后,血液中白细胞总数和淋巴细胞总数及IL-1α、IL-6缓慢升高,在1 h到24 h之间达到峰值,之后缓慢下降,在72 h左右恢复正常水平。结论:3N的力比较适合于刮痧实验,在刮痧之后1 h到24 h,刮痧对免疫系统的增强作用达到峰值,在72 h左右回归正常值,初步提示可以开始下一次刮痧治疗。     

A DNA vaccine expressing an optimized secreted FAPα induces enhanced anti-tumor activity by altering the tumor microenvironment in a murine model of breast cancer

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promote tumor growth and metastasis and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response. We previously constructed a DNA vaccine expressing human FAPα, which is highly expressed by CAFs, to target these cells in the TME, and observed limited anti-tumor effects in the 4T1 breast cancer model. When the treatment time was delayed until tumor nodes formed, the anti-tumor effect of the vaccine completely disappeared. In this study, to improve the safety and efficacy, we constructed a new FAPα-targeted vaccine containing only the extracellular domain of human FAPα with a tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence for enhanced antigen secretion and immunogenicity. The number of CAFs was more effectively reduced by CD8⁺ T cells induced by the new vaccine. This resulted in decreases in CCL2 and CXCL12 expression, leading to a significant decrease in the ratio of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the TME. Moreover, when mice were treated after the establishment of tumors, the vaccine could still delay tumor growth. To facilitate the future application of the vaccine in clinical trials, we further optimized the gene codons and reduced the homology between the vaccine and the original sequence, which may be convenient for evaluating the vaccine distribution in the human body. These results indicated that the new FAPα-targeted vaccine expressing an optimized secreted human FAPα induced enhanced anti-tumor activity by reducing the number of FAPα⁺ CAFs and enhancing the recruitment of effector T cells in the 4T1 tumor model mice.     

白癜风的移植治疗进展

白癜风(vitiligo)是一种常见的色素脱失性皮肤病,其发病可能与遗传、免疫、氧化应激等因素有关。当前白癜风的治疗主要有物理、药物及外科移植治疗等。其中,外科移植治疗适用于其他治疗方法无效的稳定期白癜风患者,其具有复色时间短、疗效肯定等优点。白癜风的外科移植治疗包括两大类:组织移植和细胞移植。组织移植一般适用于较小面积以及特殊部位的皮损,而细胞移植适用于大面积部位的皮损,优势明显。本文针对当前白癜风的移植治疗方面取得的新进展进行综述。     

Single-stage repair of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformity in adults

Correction of cleft lip-nose deformity in adult patients is different from that in children. One-stage correction has proved to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft-lip nose deformity. This study aimed to explore a particular single-stage method and evaluate the effect of simultaneous reparation of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.Cleft lip patients who had previously undergone nasolabial surgery with residual poor nasal/lip appearance were included. The alveolar bone defect was repaired with granular costal cortical bone. Lip revision and rhinoplasty were performed using diced costal cartilage. The lip, nose, and alveolar deformities were corrected in one stage.From 2011 to 2017, 53 cases were treated. The vermilion discrepancy was corrected in all cases. Fifty-one patients were successfully treated, with primary healing in the bony recipient area. Cancellous bone exposure occurred in two cases. The wounds were healed after debridement and drainage. Appearances were improved in all patients. The mean change in columella–labial angle ranged from 82.50 to 92.78° (p < 0.001).This one-stage correction appears to have led to a distinct improvement in the nasal tip projection and lip. The method is considered to be effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.     

Age estimation from ossification of sternum and true ribs using 3D post-mortem CT images in a Japanese population

Age estimation of cadavers from post-mortem “chest plate” using conventional radiography, which involves radiographic assessment of ossification around the sternum and rib ends, has been evaluated without fruitful results. This study examined the value of images of the chest plate obtained by three-dimensional post-mortem CT for estimation of age at time of death in a Japanese population. Five chest plate ossification scores were evaluated in 320 subjects, including ossification of the first costal cartilage (OF), ossification of the second to seventh costal cartilages at the rib (OR) and sternal (OS) ends, fusion of the manubriosternal joint (FM), and fusion of the xiphisternal joint (FX). OS was found to have the highest correlation with age while FM had no significant correlation. The best composite score for age estimation was the summative score for both sides of the OS and the right side of the OF and FX, for which the coefficient of determination (R²) and the standard error of estimation (SEE) were 0.608 and 12.44 years, respectively, for men and 0.590 and 14.65 years for women. The accuracy of the model was tested in a further 26 male and 24 female subjects, and the accuracy rate within the first SEE was 57.69% and 70.83%, respectively. This rapid and non-invasive method of age estimation in the chest plate area is superior to conventional methods and could be useful for estimation of age at time of death in the Japanese population.     

mRNA levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in 11 brain regions of cynomolgus macaques

The cynomolgus macaque is an important nonhuman primate species in drug metabolism studies, in part because of its evolutionary closeness to humans. Cytochromes P450 (P450s) have been investigated in the major drug-metabolizing organs, i.e., the liver and small intestine, but have not been fully investigated in the brain. However, recent investigations have indicated possible important roles for P450s in the brain. In this study, by using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we measured the mRNA levels of 38 cynomolgus drug-metabolizing enzymes, including 19 P450s, 10 UDP-glycosyltransferases, and 9 other enzymes, in 11 brain regions. Among these drug-metabolizing enzymes, expression of 32 enzyme mRNAs were detected in one or more brain regions, indicating their possible roles in the brain. Further investigation of metabolic activities would facilitate better understanding of the importance of these enzymes in the brain.     

Efficacy of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in the management of corneal thinning and perforation due to microbial keratitis

PurposeReport the efficacy of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) application in the management of corneal thinning and perforations associated with microbial keratitis.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent CTA application for corneal thinning and perforation secondary to microbiologically proven infectious keratitis between 2001 and 2018 at a single center. We defined successful CTA application as an intact globe without tectonic surgical intervention.ResultsThe cohort included 67 patients, and 37 presented with corneal perforation while 30 had corneal thinning. The perforation/thinning was central/paracentral in 43 eyes and peripheral in 23 eyes. The underlying infectious etiologies were monomicrobial in 42 cases (35 bacterial, 3 fungal, 2 viral, and 2 acanthamoeba cases) and polymicrobial in 25 cases (22 polybacterial cases and 3 cases with a combination of Gram positive bacteria and fungus). The median duration of glue retention was 29 days. The CTA success rate was 73%, 64%, and 44% at 10, 30, and 180 days, respectively. CTA application appears more successful in monomicrobial (vs. polymicrobial) and Gram positive bacterial (vs. Gram negative) keratitis but the differences are statistically non-significant. The location of perforation/thinning and the use of topical corticosteroid were not associated with CTA failure.ConclusionCTA was moderately effective in restoring globe integrity in severe corneal thinning and perforation secondary to microbial keratitis in the short term. However the majority of patients require tectonic surgical intervention within 6 months. CTA application success is not significantly associated with the location of thinning/perforation or the use of topical corticosteroid.     

基于p38 MAPK信号通路探讨苍膝通痹胶囊对KOA大鼠关节软骨的保护作用

目的:观察苍膝通痹胶囊治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型大鼠的疗效及相关作用机制。方法:将60只4周龄SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组,模型组,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组,苍膝通痹胶囊组,SB203580组以及苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组采用改良Hulth法建立KOA模型,造模成功后,苍膝通痹胶囊组每日给予0.25 g·kg~(-1)苍膝通痹胶囊溶液灌胃,SB203580组每日给予0.015 g·kg~(-1)的SB203580溶液灌胃,苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组组每日给予含0.015 g·kg~(-1)SB203580及0.25 g·kg~(-1)苍膝通痹胶囊的混合溶液灌胃,DMSO组给予1%DMSO溶液灌胃,模型组和空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,用药干预4周后处死、取材。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察软骨组织形态学改变,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测外周血上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-tine PCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测软骨组织中p38 MAPK信号通路中相关因子p38,p-p38,基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13),Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅡ)mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,免疫组化法检测p-p38的定位表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组关节软骨中p38,p-p38,MMP-13表达水平显著上调(P0.01),CollagenⅡ表达水平显著下调(P0.01),血清IL-1β,TNF-α表达水平显著上调(P0.01);与模型组比较,苍膝通痹胶囊组,SB203580组以及苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组关节软骨中p38,p-p38,MMP-13表达水平显著下调(P0.01),CollagenⅡ表达水平显著上调(P0.01),血清IL-1β,TNF-α表达水平显著下调(P0.01)。结论:苍膝通痹胶囊可有效保护KOA大鼠软骨组织,其机制可能与靶向阻断p38 MAPK信号通路有关。     

Use of Autologous Costal Cartilage Combined with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene in Asian Rhinoplasty

BackgroundThe corresponding author's experience and recent methods employed in autologous costal cartilage grafts combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in Asian rhinoplasty were presented in this study.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of rhinoplasty performed on patients using autogenous costal cartilage grafts combined with an ePTFE implant.MethodsSeventy-five rhinoplasty cases with autologous costal cartilage grafts and an ePTFE implant were retrospectively reviewed. Graft types, complications associated with the graft itself or graft harvesting, surgical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsThe mean follow-up time post-operation was 13.5 months. A total of 42/75 patients underwent revision surgeries. Graft-related complications were found in 8% of cases, including two warped graft and four infection cases. Three individuals with infections had mild graft resorption. One patient with an infection removed the implant. Graft exposure, mobility, and substantial resorption were not recorded. A total of two cases underwent revision procedures for infection and perforation, respectively. Chest incision lengths for graft harvesting averaged 2.1 cm. No pneumothorax or significant donor-site pain was found. Donor-site scars were negligible, although two cases had hypertrophic chest scars. In general, functional and esthetic outcomes were mostly satisfactory among the assessed patients.ConclusionsRhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage provides adequate support and sufficient cartilage amounts for correcting nasal contouring. Meanwhile, ePTFE alone for nasal dorsum augmentation safely achieves satisfactory outcomes. Rib cartilage rhinoplasty performed by an experienced surgeon yields excellent, long-lasting results with minimal risk; however, the potential for infection should be considered following revision surgery.